WIP

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/AgentRegistrationHandler.cs

@@ -77,9 +77,10 @@ public sealed class AgentRegistrationHandler {
 		return new InstanceManagerActor.ConfigureInstanceCommand(
 			configureInstanceMessage.InstanceGuid,
 			configureInstanceMessage.Info,
-			configureInstanceMessage.LaunchRecipe,
+			configureInstanceMessage.LaunchRecipe.Value,
 			configureInstanceMessage.LaunchNow,
 			configureInstanceMessage.StopRecipe,
+			configureInstanceMessage.BackupConfiguration.Value,
 			AlwaysReportStatus: true
 		);
 	}

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Backups/BackupScheduler.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances;
 using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.State;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Backups;
 using Phantom.Utils.Logging;
 using Phantom.Utils.Tasks;
@@ -7,28 +9,39 @@ using Phantom.Utils.Tasks;
 namespace Phantom.Agent.Services.Backups;
 
 sealed class BackupScheduler : CancellableBackgroundTask {
-	// TODO make configurable
-	private static readonly TimeSpan InitialDelay = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2);
-	private static readonly TimeSpan BackupInterval = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30);
-	private static readonly TimeSpan BackupFailureRetryDelay = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
-	
-	private readonly BackupManager backupManager;
 	private readonly InstanceContext context;
 	private readonly SemaphoreSlim backupSemaphore = new (initialCount: 1, maxCount: 1);
+	
+	private readonly TimeSpan initialDelay;
+	private readonly TimeSpan backupInterval;
+	private readonly TimeSpan failureRetryDelay;
+	
 	private readonly ManualResetEventSlim serverOutputWhileWaitingForOnlinePlayers = new ();
-	private readonly InstancePlayerCountTracker playerCountTracker;
+	private readonly InstancePlayerCountTracker? playerCountTracker;
 	
 	public event EventHandler<BackupCreationResult>? BackupCompleted;
 	
-	public BackupScheduler(InstanceContext context, InstancePlayerCountTracker playerCountTracker) : base(PhantomLogger.Create<BackupScheduler>(context.ShortName)) {
+	[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "ConvertIfStatementToConditionalTernaryExpression")]
-		this.backupManager = context.Services.BackupManager;
+	public BackupScheduler(InstanceContext context, InstanceProcess process, InstanceBackupSchedule schedule) : base(PhantomLogger.Create<BackupScheduler>(context.ShortName)) {
 		this.context = context;
-		this.playerCountTracker = playerCountTracker;
+		
+		this.initialDelay = schedule.InitialDelay;
+		this.backupInterval = schedule.BackupInterval;
+		this.failureRetryDelay = schedule.BackupFailureRetryDelay;
+		
+		var playerCountDetectionStrategy = schedule.PlayerCountDetectionStrategy.Value;
+		if (playerCountDetectionStrategy == null) {
+			this.playerCountTracker = null;
+		}
+		else {
+			this.playerCountTracker = new InstancePlayerCountTracker(context, process, playerCountDetectionStrategy.CreateDetector(new InstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory(context)));
+		}
+		
 		Start();
 	}
 	
 	protected override async Task RunTask() {
-		await Task.Delay(InitialDelay, CancellationToken);
+		await Task.Delay(initialDelay, CancellationToken);
 		Logger.Information("Starting a new backup after server launched.");
 		
 		while (!CancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested) {
@@ -36,13 +49,16 @@ sealed class BackupScheduler : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 			BackupCompleted?.Invoke(this, result);
 			
 			if (result.Kind.ShouldRetry()) {
-				Logger.Warning("Scheduled backup failed, retrying in {Minutes} minutes.", BackupFailureRetryDelay.TotalMinutes);
+				Logger.Warning("Scheduled backup failed, retrying in {Minutes} minutes.", failureRetryDelay.TotalMinutes);
-				await Task.Delay(BackupFailureRetryDelay, CancellationToken);
+				await Task.Delay(failureRetryDelay, CancellationToken);
 			}
 			else {
-				Logger.Information("Scheduling next backup in {Minutes} minutes.", BackupInterval.TotalMinutes);
+				Logger.Information("Scheduling next backup in {Minutes} minutes.", backupInterval.TotalMinutes);
-				await Task.Delay(BackupInterval, CancellationToken);
+				await Task.Delay(backupInterval, CancellationToken);
-				await WaitForOnlinePlayers();
+				
+				if (playerCountTracker != null) {
+					await WaitForOnlinePlayers(playerCountTracker);
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -54,7 +70,7 @@ sealed class BackupScheduler : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 		
 		try {
 			context.ActorCancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
-			return await context.Actor.Request(new InstanceActor.BackupInstanceCommand(backupManager), context.ActorCancellationToken);
+			return await context.Actor.Request(new InstanceActor.BackupInstanceCommand(context.Services.BackupManager), context.ActorCancellationToken);
 		} catch (OperationCanceledException) {
 			return new BackupCreationResult(BackupCreationResultKind.InstanceNotRunning);
 		} finally {
@@ -62,7 +78,7 @@ sealed class BackupScheduler : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	private async Task WaitForOnlinePlayers() {
+	private async Task WaitForOnlinePlayers(InstancePlayerCountTracker playerCountTracker) {
 		var task = playerCountTracker.WaitForOnlinePlayers(CancellationToken);
 		if (!task.IsCompleted) {
 			Logger.Information("Waiting for someone to join before starting a new backup.");
@@ -79,6 +95,7 @@ sealed class BackupScheduler : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 	}
 	
 	protected override void Dispose() {
+		playerCountTracker?.Stop();
 		backupSemaphore.Dispose();
 		serverOutputWhileWaitingForOnlinePlayers.Dispose();
 	}

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Games/MinecraftServerPlayerCountDetector.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
+using Phantom.Utils.Logging;
+using Serilog;
+
+namespace Phantom.Agent.Services.Games;
+
+sealed class MinecraftServerPlayerCountDetector(InstanceContext instanceContext, ushort serverPort) : IInstancePlayerCountDetector {
+	private readonly ILogger logger = PhantomLogger.Create<MinecraftServerPlayerCountDetector>(instanceContext.ShortName);
+	
+	private bool waitingForFirstDetection = true;
+	
+	public async Task<InstancePlayerCounts?> TryGetPlayerCounts(CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
+		try {
+			var playerCounts = await MinecraftServerStatusProtocol.GetPlayerCounts(serverPort, cancellationToken);
+			waitingForFirstDetection = false;
+			return playerCounts;
+		} catch (MinecraftServerStatusProtocol.ProtocolException e) {
+			logger.Error("{Message}", e.Message);
+			return null;
+		} catch (SocketException e) {
+			bool waitingForServerStart = e.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.ConnectionRefused && waitingForFirstDetection;
+			if (!waitingForServerStart) {
+				logger.Warning("Could not check online player count. Socket error {ErrorCode} ({ErrorCodeName}), reason: {ErrorMessage}", e.ErrorCode, e.SocketErrorCode, e.Message);
+			}
+			
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+}

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Games/MinecraftServerStatusProtocol.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ static class MinecraftServerStatusProtocol {
 		await tcpClient.ConnectAsync(IPAddress.Loopback, serverPort, cancellationToken);
 		var tcpStream = tcpClient.GetStream();
 		
-		// https://wiki.vg/Server_List_Ping
+		// https://minecraft.wiki/w/Java_Edition_protocol/Server_List_Ping
 		tcpStream.WriteByte(0xFE);
 		await tcpStream.FlushAsync(cancellationToken);
 		

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Instances/InstanceActor.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.Launch;
 using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.State;
 using Phantom.Agent.Services.Rpc;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Stop;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 	
 	public sealed record ReportInstanceStatusCommand : ICommand;
 	
-	public sealed record LaunchInstanceCommand(InstanceInfo Info, InstanceLauncher Launcher, InstanceTicketManager.Ticket Ticket, bool IsRestarting) : ICommand;
+	public sealed record LaunchInstanceCommand(InstanceInfo Info, InstanceLauncher Launcher, InstanceBackupConfiguration? BackupConfiguration, InstanceTicketManager.Ticket Ticket, bool IsRestarting) : ICommand;
 	
 	public sealed record StopInstanceCommand(InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe) : ICommand;
 	
@@ -108,7 +109,11 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 				SetAndReportStatus(newStatus ?? defaultLaunchStatus);
 			}
 			
-			var newState = await InstanceLaunchProcedure.Run(context, command.Info, command.Launcher, instanceTicketManager, command.Ticket, UpdateStatus, shutdownCancellationToken);
+			if (command.IsRestarting) {
+				await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), shutdownCancellationToken);
+			}
+			
+			var newState = await InstanceLaunchProcedure.Run(context, command.Info, command.Launcher, command.BackupConfiguration, instanceTicketManager, command.Ticket, UpdateStatus, shutdownCancellationToken);
 			if (newState is null) {
 				instanceTicketManager.Release(command.Ticket);
 			}

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Instances/InstanceManagerActor.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Phantom.Agent.Services.Java;
 using Phantom.Agent.Services.Rpc;
 using Phantom.Common.Data;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Launch;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Stop;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
@@ -52,11 +53,18 @@ sealed class InstanceManagerActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceManagerActor.ICommand>
 		ReceiveAsync<ShutdownCommand>(Shutdown);
 	}
 	
-	private sealed record Instance(ActorRef<InstanceActor.ICommand> Actor, InstanceInfo Info, InstanceProperties Properties, InstanceLaunchRecipe? LaunchRecipe, InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe);
+	private sealed record Instance(
+		ActorRef<InstanceActor.ICommand> Actor,
+		InstanceInfo Info,
+		InstanceProperties Properties,
+		InstanceLaunchRecipe? LaunchRecipe,
+		InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe,
+		InstanceBackupConfiguration? BackupConfiguration
+	);
 	
 	public interface ICommand;
 	
-	public sealed record ConfigureInstanceCommand(Guid InstanceGuid, InstanceInfo InstanceInfo, InstanceLaunchRecipe? LaunchRecipe, bool LaunchNow, InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe, bool AlwaysReportStatus) : ICommand, ICanReply<Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>;
+	public sealed record ConfigureInstanceCommand(Guid InstanceGuid, InstanceInfo InstanceInfo, InstanceLaunchRecipe? LaunchRecipe, bool LaunchNow, InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe, InstanceBackupConfiguration? BackupConfiguration, bool AlwaysReportStatus) : ICommand, ICanReply<Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>;
 	
 	public sealed record LaunchInstanceCommand(Guid InstanceGuid) : ICommand, ICanReply<Result<LaunchInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>;
 	
@@ -71,12 +79,14 @@ sealed class InstanceManagerActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceManagerActor.ICommand>
 		var instanceInfo = command.InstanceInfo;
 		var launchRecipe = command.LaunchRecipe;
 		var stopRecipe = command.StopRecipe;
+		var backupConfiguration = command.BackupConfiguration;
 		
 		if (instances.TryGetValue(instanceGuid, out var instance)) {
 			instances[instanceGuid] = instance with {
 				Info = instanceInfo,
 				LaunchRecipe = launchRecipe,
 				StopRecipe = stopRecipe,
+				BackupConfiguration = backupConfiguration,
 			};
 			
 			Logger.Information("Reconfigured instance \"{Name}\" (GUID {Guid}).", instanceInfo.InstanceName, instanceGuid);
@@ -90,7 +100,9 @@ sealed class InstanceManagerActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceManagerActor.ICommand>
 			var instanceDirectoryPath = Path.Combine(agentDirectories.InstancesDirectoryPath, instanceGuid.ToString());
 			var instanceProperties = new InstanceProperties(instanceGuid, instanceDirectoryPath);
 			var instanceInit = new InstanceActor.Init(agentState, instanceGuid, instanceLoggerName, instanceServices, instanceTicketManager, shutdownCancellationToken);
-			instances[instanceGuid] = instance = new Instance(Context.ActorOf(InstanceActor.Factory(instanceInit), "Instance-" + instanceGuid), instanceInfo, instanceProperties, launchRecipe, stopRecipe);
+			var instanceActor = Context.ActorOf(InstanceActor.Factory(instanceInit), "Instance-" + instanceGuid);
+			
+			instances[instanceGuid] = instance = new Instance(instanceActor, instanceInfo, instanceProperties, launchRecipe, stopRecipe, backupConfiguration);
 			
 			Logger.Information("Created instance \"{Name}\" (GUID {Guid}).", instanceInfo.InstanceName, instanceGuid);
 			
@@ -140,7 +152,7 @@ sealed class InstanceManagerActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceManagerActor.ICommand>
 		var valueResolver = new InstanceValueResolver(pathResolver);
 		var launcher = new InstanceLauncher(instanceServices.DownloadManager, pathResolver, valueResolver, instance.Properties, launchRecipe);
 		
-		instance.Actor.Tell(new InstanceActor.LaunchInstanceCommand(instance.Info, launcher, ticket.Value, IsRestarting: false));
+		instance.Actor.Tell(new InstanceActor.LaunchInstanceCommand(instance.Info, launcher, instance.BackupConfiguration, ticket.Value, IsRestarting: false));
 		
 		return LaunchInstanceResult.LaunchInitiated;
 	}

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Instances/Launch/InstanceLaunchProcedure.cs

@@ -1,12 +1,22 @@
 using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.State;
 using Phantom.Common.Data;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
 
 namespace Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.Launch;
 
 static class InstanceLaunchProcedure {
-	public static async Task<InstanceRunningState?> Run(InstanceContext context, InstanceInfo info, InstanceLauncher launcher, InstanceTicketManager ticketManager, InstanceTicketManager.Ticket ticket, Action<IInstanceStatus?> reportStatus, CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
+	public static async Task<InstanceRunningState?> Run(
+		InstanceContext context,
+		InstanceInfo info,
+		InstanceLauncher launcher,
+		InstanceBackupConfiguration? backupConfiguration,
+		InstanceTicketManager ticketManager,
+		InstanceTicketManager.Ticket ticket,
+		Action<IInstanceStatus?> reportStatus,
+		CancellationToken cancellationToken
+	) {
 		context.Logger.Information("Session starting...");
 		
 		Result<InstanceProcess, InstanceLaunchFailReason> result;
@@ -30,7 +40,7 @@ static class InstanceLaunchProcedure {
 		if (result) {
 			reportStatus(InstanceStatus.Running);
 			context.ReportEvent(InstanceEvent.LaunchSucceeded);
-			return new InstanceRunningState(context, info, launcher, ticket, result.Value, cancellationToken);
+			return new InstanceRunningState(context, info, launcher, backupConfiguration, ticket, result.Value, cancellationToken);
 		}
 		else {
 			reportStatus(InstanceStatus.Failed(result.Error));

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Instances/State/InstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+using Phantom.Agent.Services.Games;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
+
+namespace Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.State;
+
+sealed class InstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory(InstanceContext instanceContext) : IInstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory {
+	public IInstancePlayerCountDetector MinecraftStatusProtocol(ushort port) {
+		return new MinecraftServerPlayerCountDetector(instanceContext, port);
+	}
+}

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Instances/State/InstancePlayerCountTracker.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-using System.Net.Sockets;
+using Phantom.Agent.Services.Rpc;
-using Phantom.Agent.Services.Games;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
-using Phantom.Agent.Services.Rpc;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
 using Phantom.Common.Messages.Agent.ToController;
 using Phantom.Utils.Logging;
@@ -12,8 +11,8 @@ namespace Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.State;
 sealed class InstancePlayerCountTracker : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 	private readonly ControllerConnection controllerConnection;
 	private readonly Guid instanceGuid;
-	private readonly ushort serverPort;
 	private readonly InstanceProcess process;
+	private readonly IInstancePlayerCountDetector playerCountDetector;
 	
 	private readonly TaskCompletionSource firstDetection = AsyncTasks.CreateCompletionSource();
 	private readonly ManualResetEventSlim serverOutputEvent = new ();
@@ -25,11 +24,11 @@ sealed class InstancePlayerCountTracker : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 	
 	private bool isDisposed = false;
 	
-	public InstancePlayerCountTracker(InstanceContext context, InstanceProcess process, ushort serverPort) : base(PhantomLogger.Create<InstancePlayerCountTracker>(context.ShortName)) {
+	public InstancePlayerCountTracker(InstanceContext context, InstanceProcess process, IInstancePlayerCountDetector playerCountDetector) : base(PhantomLogger.Create<InstancePlayerCountTracker>(context.ShortName)) {
 		this.controllerConnection = context.Services.ControllerConnection;
 		this.instanceGuid = context.InstanceGuid;
 		this.process = process;
-		this.serverPort = serverPort;
+		this.playerCountDetector = playerCountDetector;
 		Start();
 	}
 	
@@ -59,17 +58,7 @@ sealed class InstancePlayerCountTracker : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 	
 	private async Task<InstancePlayerCounts?> TryGetPlayerCounts() {
 		try {
-			return await MinecraftServerStatusProtocol.GetPlayerCounts(serverPort, CancellationToken);
+			return await playerCountDetector.TryGetPlayerCounts(CancellationToken);
-		} catch (MinecraftServerStatusProtocol.ProtocolException e) {
-			Logger.Error("{Message}", e.Message);
-			return null;
-		} catch (SocketException e) {
-			bool waitingForServerStart = e.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.ConnectionRefused && WaitingForFirstDetection;
-			if (!waitingForServerStart) {
-				Logger.Warning("Could not check online player count. Socket error {ErrorCode} ({ErrorCodeName}), reason: {ErrorMessage}", e.ErrorCode, e.SocketErrorCode, e.Message);
-			}
-			
-			return null;
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			Logger.Error(e, "Caught exception while checking online player count.");
 			return null;
@@ -77,8 +66,8 @@ sealed class InstancePlayerCountTracker : CancellableBackgroundTask {
 	}
 	
 	private void UpdatePlayerCounts(InstancePlayerCounts? newPlayerCounts) {
-		if (newPlayerCounts is {} value) {
+		if (newPlayerCounts != null) {
-			Logger.Debug("Detected {OnlinePlayerCount} / {MaximumPlayerCount} online player(s).", value.Online, value.Maximum);
+			Logger.Debug("Detected {OnlinePlayerCount} / {MaximumPlayerCount} online player(s).", newPlayerCounts.Online, newPlayerCounts.Maximum);
 			firstDetection.TrySetResult();
 		}
 		

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Instances/State/InstanceRunningState.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Phantom.Agent.Services.Backups;
 using Phantom.Agent.Services.Instances.Launch;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Replies;
@@ -17,27 +18,32 @@ sealed class InstanceRunningState : IDisposable {
 	private readonly InstanceContext context;
 	private readonly InstanceInfo info;
 	private readonly InstanceLauncher launcher;
+	private readonly InstanceBackupConfiguration? backupConfiguration;
 	private readonly CancellationToken cancellationToken;
 	
 	private readonly InstanceLogSender logSender;
-	private readonly InstancePlayerCountTracker playerCountTracker;
+	private readonly BackupScheduler? backupScheduler;
-	private readonly BackupScheduler backupScheduler;
 	
 	private bool isDisposed;
 	
-	public InstanceRunningState(InstanceContext context, InstanceInfo info, InstanceLauncher launcher, InstanceTicketManager.Ticket ticket, InstanceProcess process, CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
+	public InstanceRunningState(InstanceContext context, InstanceInfo info, InstanceLauncher launcher, InstanceBackupConfiguration? backupConfiguration, InstanceTicketManager.Ticket ticket, InstanceProcess process, CancellationToken cancellationToken) {
 		this.context = context;
 		this.info = info;
 		this.launcher = launcher;
+		this.backupConfiguration = backupConfiguration;
 		this.Ticket = ticket;
 		this.Process = process;
 		this.cancellationToken = cancellationToken;
 		
 		this.logSender = new InstanceLogSender(context.Services.ControllerConnection, context.InstanceGuid, context.ShortName);
-		this.playerCountTracker = new InstancePlayerCountTracker(context, process, info.ServerPort);
 		
-		this.backupScheduler = new BackupScheduler(context, playerCountTracker);
+		if (backupConfiguration == null) {
-		this.backupScheduler.BackupCompleted += OnScheduledBackupCompleted;
+			this.backupScheduler = null;
+		}
+		else {
+			this.backupScheduler = new BackupScheduler(context, process, backupConfiguration.Schedule);
+			this.backupScheduler.BackupCompleted += OnScheduledBackupCompleted;
+		}
 	}
 	
 	public void Initialize() {
@@ -75,7 +81,7 @@ sealed class InstanceRunningState : IDisposable {
 		else {
 			context.Logger.Information("Session ended unexpectedly, restarting...");
 			context.ReportEvent(InstanceEvent.Crashed);
-			context.Actor.Tell(new InstanceActor.LaunchInstanceCommand(info, launcher, Ticket, IsRestarting: true));
+			context.Actor.Tell(new InstanceActor.LaunchInstanceCommand(info, launcher, backupConfiguration, Ticket, IsRestarting: true));
 		}
 	}
 	
@@ -97,8 +103,7 @@ sealed class InstanceRunningState : IDisposable {
 	}
 	
 	public void OnStopInitiated() {
-		backupScheduler.Stop();
+		backupScheduler?.Stop();
-		playerCountTracker.Stop();
 	}
 	
 	private bool TryDispose() {

Agent/Phantom.Agent.Services/Rpc/ControllerMessageHandlerActor.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public sealed class ControllerMessageHandlerActor : ReceiveActor<IMessageToAgent
 	}
 	
 	private async Task<Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>> HandleConfigureInstance(ConfigureInstanceMessage message) {
-		return await agent.InstanceManager.Request(new InstanceManagerActor.ConfigureInstanceCommand(message.InstanceGuid, message.Info, message.LaunchRecipe, message.LaunchNow, message.StopRecipe, AlwaysReportStatus: false));
+		return await agent.InstanceManager.Request(new InstanceManagerActor.ConfigureInstanceCommand(message.InstanceGuid, message.Info, message.LaunchRecipe.Value, message.LaunchNow, message.StopRecipe, message.BackupConfiguration.Value, AlwaysReportStatus: false));
 	}
 	
 	private async Task<Result<LaunchInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>> HandleLaunchInstance(LaunchInstanceMessage message) {

Common/Phantom.Common.Data.Agent/Instance/Backups/IInstanceBackupSchedule.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using MemoryPack;
+
+namespace Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
+
+[MemoryPackable(GenerateType.VersionTolerant)]
+public sealed partial record InstanceBackupSchedule(
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(0)] ushort InitialDelayInMinutes,
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(1)] ushort BackupIntervalInMinutes,
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(2)] ushort BackupFailureRetryDelayInMinutes,
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(3)] Optional<IInstancePlayerCountDetectionStrategy> PlayerCountDetectionStrategy
+) {
+	[MemoryPackIgnore]
+	public TimeSpan InitialDelay => TimeSpan.FromMinutes(InitialDelayInMinutes);
+	
+	[MemoryPackIgnore]
+	public TimeSpan BackupInterval => TimeSpan.FromMinutes(AtLeastOne(BackupIntervalInMinutes));
+	
+	[MemoryPackIgnore]
+	public TimeSpan BackupFailureRetryDelay => TimeSpan.FromMinutes(AtLeastOne(BackupFailureRetryDelayInMinutes));
+	
+	private static ushort AtLeastOne(ushort value) {
+		return Math.Max(value, (ushort) 1);
+	}
+}

Common/Phantom.Common.Data.Agent/Instance/Backups/IInstancePlayerCountDetectionStrategy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+using MemoryPack;
+
+namespace Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
+
+[MemoryPackable]
+[MemoryPackUnion(tag: 0, type: typeof(InstancePlayerCountDetectionStrategy.MinecraftStatusProtocol))]
+public partial interface IInstancePlayerCountDetectionStrategy {
+	IInstancePlayerCountDetector CreateDetector(IInstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory factory);
+}
+
+public static partial class InstancePlayerCountDetectionStrategy {
+	[MemoryPackable(GenerateType.VersionTolerant)]
+	public sealed partial record MinecraftStatusProtocol(
+		[property: MemoryPackOrder(0)] ushort Port
+	) : IInstancePlayerCountDetectionStrategy {
+		public IInstancePlayerCountDetector CreateDetector(IInstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory factory) {
+			return factory.MinecraftStatusProtocol(Port);
+		}
+	}
+}

Common/Phantom.Common.Data.Agent/Instance/Backups/IInstancePlayerCountDetector.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
+
+namespace Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
+
+public interface IInstancePlayerCountDetector {
+	Task<InstancePlayerCounts?> TryGetPlayerCounts(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
+}

Common/Phantom.Common.Data.Agent/Instance/Backups/IInstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+namespace Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
+
+public interface IInstancePlayerCountDetectorFactory {
+	IInstancePlayerCountDetector MinecraftStatusProtocol(ushort port);
+}

Common/Phantom.Common.Data.Agent/Instance/Backups/InstanceBackupConfiguration.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+using MemoryPack;
+
+namespace Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
+
+[MemoryPackable(GenerateType.VersionTolerant)]
+public sealed partial record InstanceBackupConfiguration(
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(0)] InstanceBackupSchedule Schedule
+);

Common/Phantom.Common.Data/Replies/ConfigureInstanceResult.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 public enum ConfigureInstanceResult : byte {
 	Success                         = 0,
 	CouldNotCreateInstanceDirectory = 1,
+	MinecraftVersionNotFound        = 2,
+	UnknownError                    = 255,
 }
 
 public static class ConfigureInstanceResultExtensions {
@@ -10,6 +12,7 @@ public static class ConfigureInstanceResultExtensions {
 		return reason switch {
 			ConfigureInstanceResult.Success                         => "Success.",
 			ConfigureInstanceResult.CouldNotCreateInstanceDirectory => "Could not create instance directory.",
+			ConfigureInstanceResult.MinecraftVersionNotFound        => "Minecraft version not found.",
 			_                                                       => "Unknown error.",
 		};
 	}

Common/Phantom.Common.Data/Result.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ public sealed partial class Result<TValue, TError> {
 		return hasValue ? valueConverter(value!) : errorConverter(error!);
 	}
 	
+	public Result<TNewValue, TError> MapValue<TNewValue>(Func<TValue, TNewValue> valueConverter) {
+		return hasValue ? valueConverter(value!) : error!;
+	}
+	
 	public Result<TValue, TNewError> MapError<TNewError>(Func<TError, TNewError> errorConverter) {
 		return hasValue ? value! : errorConverter(error!);
 	}

Common/Phantom.Common.Messages.Agent/ToAgent/ConfigureInstanceMessage.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using MemoryPack;
 using Phantom.Common.Data;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Launch;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Stop;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Replies;
@@ -12,7 +13,8 @@ namespace Phantom.Common.Messages.Agent.ToAgent;
 public sealed partial record ConfigureInstanceMessage(
 	[property: MemoryPackOrder(0)] Guid InstanceGuid,
 	[property: MemoryPackOrder(1)] InstanceInfo Info,
-	[property: MemoryPackOrder(2)] InstanceLaunchRecipe? LaunchRecipe,
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(2)] Optional<InstanceLaunchRecipe> LaunchRecipe,
 	[property: MemoryPackOrder(3)] bool LaunchNow,
-	[property: MemoryPackOrder(4)] InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(4)] InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe,
+	[property: MemoryPackOrder(5)] Optional<InstanceBackupConfiguration> BackupConfiguration
 ) : IMessageToAgent, ICanReply<Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>;

Controller/Phantom.Controller.Services/Agents/AgentActor.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 using Akka.Actor;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using Phantom.Common.Data;
-using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Launch;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Java;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Replies;
@@ -89,7 +88,6 @@ sealed class AgentActor : ReceiveActor<AgentActor.ICommand>, IWithTimers {
 	private readonly ActorRef<AgentDatabaseStorageActor.ICommand> databaseStorageActor;
 	
 	private readonly Dictionary<Guid, ActorRef<InstanceActor.ICommand>> instanceActorByGuid = new ();
-	private readonly Dictionary<Guid, Instance> instanceDataByGuid = new ();
 	
 	private AgentActor(Init init) {
 		this.agentConnectionKeys = init.AgentConnectionKeys;
@@ -142,20 +140,15 @@ sealed class AgentActor : ReceiveActor<AgentActor.ICommand>, IWithTimers {
 	}
 	
 	private ActorRef<InstanceActor.ICommand> CreateNewInstance(Instance instance) {
-		UpdateInstanceData(instance);
+		controllerState.UpdateInstance(instance);
 		
 		var instanceActor = CreateInstanceActor(instance);
 		instanceActorByGuid.Add(instance.InstanceGuid, instanceActor);
 		return instanceActor;
 	}
 	
-	private void UpdateInstanceData(Instance instance) {
-		instanceDataByGuid[instance.InstanceGuid] = instance;
-		controllerState.UpdateInstance(instance);
-	}
-	
 	private ActorRef<InstanceActor.ICommand> CreateInstanceActor(Instance instance) {
-		var init = new InstanceActor.Init(instance, SelfTyped, connection, dbProvider, cancellationToken);
+		var init = new InstanceActor.Init(instance, SelfTyped, connection, minecraftInstanceRecipes, dbProvider, cancellationToken);
 		var name = "Instance:" + instance.InstanceGuid;
 		return Context.ActorOf(InstanceActor.Factory(init), name);
 	}
@@ -186,16 +179,7 @@ sealed class AgentActor : ReceiveActor<AgentActor.ICommand>, IWithTimers {
 	}
 	
 	private async Task<ImmutableArray<ConfigureInstanceMessage>> PrepareInitialConfigurationMessages() {
-		var configurationMessages = ImmutableArray.CreateBuilder<ConfigureInstanceMessage>();
+		return [..await Task.WhenAll(instanceActorByGuid.Values.Select(async instance => await instance.Request(new InstanceActor.GetInitialInstanceConfigurationCommand(), cancellationToken)))];
-		
-		foreach (var (instanceGuid, instanceConfiguration, _, _, launchAutomatically) in instanceDataByGuid.Values.ToImmutableArray()) {
-			var launchRecipe = await minecraftInstanceRecipes.Launch(instanceConfiguration, cancellationToken);
-			var stopRecipe = minecraftInstanceRecipes.Stop(0);
-			var configurationMessage = new ConfigureInstanceMessage(instanceGuid, instanceConfiguration.AsInfo, launchRecipe.OrElse(null), launchAutomatically, stopRecipe);
-			configurationMessages.Add(configurationMessage);
-		}
-		
-		return configurationMessages.ToImmutable();
 	}
 	
 	public interface ICommand;
@@ -341,39 +325,25 @@ sealed class AgentActor : ReceiveActor<AgentActor.ICommand>, IWithTimers {
 			return Task.FromResult<Result<CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>(CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult.InstanceMemoryMustNotBeZero);
 		}
 		
-		return minecraftInstanceRecipes.Launch(instanceConfiguration, cancellationToken)
-		                    .ContinueOnActor(CreateOrUpdateInstance1, command)
-		                    .Unwrap();
-	}
-	
-	private Task<Result<CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>> CreateOrUpdateInstance1(Result<InstanceLaunchRecipe, MinecraftLaunchRecipeCreationFailReason> launchRecipe, CreateOrUpdateInstanceCommand command) {
-		if (!launchRecipe) {
-			return Task.FromResult<Result<CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>(launchRecipe.Error switch {
-				MinecraftLaunchRecipeCreationFailReason.MinecraftVersionNotFound => CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult.MinecraftVersionNotFound,
-				_                                                                => CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult.UnknownError,
-			});
-		}
-		
 		var instanceGuid = command.InstanceGuid;
-		var instanceConfiguration = command.Configuration;
 		
 		bool isCreatingInstance = !instanceActorByGuid.TryGetValue(instanceGuid, out var instanceActorRef);
 		if (isCreatingInstance) {
 			instanceActorRef = CreateNewInstance(Instance.Offline(instanceGuid, instanceConfiguration));
 		}
 		
-		var stopRecipe = minecraftInstanceRecipes.Stop(afterSeconds: 0);
+		var configureInstanceCommand = new InstanceActor.ConfigureInstanceCommand(command.LoggedInUserGuid, instanceConfiguration, isCreatingInstance);
-		var configureInstanceCommand = new InstanceActor.ConfigureInstanceCommand(command.LoggedInUserGuid, instanceGuid, instanceConfiguration, launchRecipe.Value, stopRecipe, isCreatingInstance);
+		var configuredInstanceInfo = new ConfiguredInstanceInfo(instanceGuid, instanceConfiguration.InstanceName, isCreatingInstance);
 		
 		return instanceActorRef.Request(configureInstanceCommand, cancellationToken)
-		                       .ContinueOnActor(CreateOrUpdateInstance2, configureInstanceCommand);
+		                       .ContinueOnActor(CreateOrUpdateInstance2, configuredInstanceInfo);
 	}
 	
+	private sealed record ConfiguredInstanceInfo(Guid InstanceGuid, string InstanceName, bool IsCreating);
+	
 	#pragma warning disable CA2254
-	private Result<CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure> CreateOrUpdateInstance2(Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure> result, InstanceActor.ConfigureInstanceCommand command) {
+	private Result<CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure> CreateOrUpdateInstance2(Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure> result, ConfiguredInstanceInfo info) {
-		var instanceGuid = command.InstanceGuid;
+		(Guid instanceGuid, string instanceName, bool isCreating) = info;
-		var instanceName = command.Configuration.InstanceName;
-		var isCreating = command.IsCreatingInstance;
 		
 		if (result.Is(ConfigureInstanceResult.Success)) {
 			string action = isCreating ? "Created" : "Edited";
@@ -386,7 +356,10 @@ sealed class AgentActor : ReceiveActor<AgentActor.ICommand>, IWithTimers {
 			string reason = result.Into(ConfigureInstanceResultExtensions.ToSentence, InstanceActionFailureExtensions.ToSentence);
 			Logger.Information("Failed " + action + " instance \"{InstanceName}\" (GUID {InstanceGuid}) in agent \"{AgentName}\". {ErrorMessage}", instanceName, instanceGuid, AgentName, reason);
 			
-			return CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult.UnknownError;
+			return result.MapValue(static value => value switch {
+				ConfigureInstanceResult.MinecraftVersionNotFound => CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult.MinecraftVersionNotFound,
+				_                                                => CreateOrUpdateInstanceResult.UnknownError,
+			});
 		}
 	}
 	#pragma warning restore CA2254
@@ -413,7 +386,7 @@ sealed class AgentActor : ReceiveActor<AgentActor.ICommand>, IWithTimers {
 	}
 	
 	private void ReceiveInstanceData(ReceiveInstanceDataCommand command) {
-		UpdateInstanceData(command.Instance);
+		controllerState.UpdateInstance(command.Instance);
 	}
 	
 	private sealed class AuthInfo {

Controller/Phantom.Controller.Services/Instances/InstanceActor.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Phantom.Common.Data;
+using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Backups;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Launch;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Agent.Instance.Stop;
 using Phantom.Common.Data.Instance;
@@ -7,13 +8,21 @@ using Phantom.Common.Data.Web.Instance;
 using Phantom.Common.Messages.Agent;
 using Phantom.Common.Messages.Agent.ToAgent;
 using Phantom.Controller.Database;
+using Phantom.Controller.Minecraft;
 using Phantom.Controller.Services.Agents;
 using Phantom.Utils.Actor;
 
 namespace Phantom.Controller.Services.Instances;
 
 sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
-	public readonly record struct Init(Instance Instance, ActorRef<AgentActor.ICommand> AgentActor, AgentConnection AgentConnection, IDbContextProvider DbProvider, CancellationToken CancellationToken);
+	public readonly record struct Init(
+		Instance Instance,
+		ActorRef<AgentActor.ICommand> AgentActor,
+		AgentConnection AgentConnection,
+		MinecraftInstanceRecipes MinecraftInstanceRecipes,
+		IDbContextProvider DbProvider,
+		CancellationToken CancellationToken
+	);
 	
 	public static Props<ICommand> Factory(Init init) {
 		return Props<ICommand>.Create(() => new InstanceActor(init), new ActorConfiguration { SupervisorStrategy = SupervisorStrategies.Resume });
@@ -21,6 +30,7 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 	
 	private readonly ActorRef<AgentActor.ICommand> agentActor;
 	private readonly AgentConnection agentConnection;
+	private readonly MinecraftInstanceRecipes minecraftInstanceRecipes;
 	private readonly CancellationToken cancellationToken;
 	
 	private readonly Guid instanceGuid;
@@ -35,6 +45,7 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 	private InstanceActor(Init init) {
 		this.agentActor = init.AgentActor;
 		this.agentConnection = init.AgentConnection;
+		this.minecraftInstanceRecipes = init.MinecraftInstanceRecipes;
 		this.cancellationToken = init.CancellationToken;
 		
 		(this.instanceGuid, this.configuration, this.status, this.playerCounts, this.launchAutomatically) = init.Instance;
@@ -43,6 +54,7 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 		
 		Receive<SetStatusCommand>(SetStatus);
 		Receive<SetPlayerCountsCommand>(SetPlayerCounts);
+		ReceiveAsyncAndReply<GetInitialInstanceConfigurationCommand, ConfigureInstanceMessage>(GetInitialInstanceConfiguration);
 		ReceiveAsyncAndReply<ConfigureInstanceCommand, Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>(ConfigureInstance);
 		ReceiveAsyncAndReply<LaunchInstanceCommand, Result<LaunchInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>(LaunchInstance);
 		ReceiveAsyncAndReply<StopInstanceCommand, Result<StopInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>(StopInstance);
@@ -71,7 +83,9 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 	
 	public sealed record SetPlayerCountsCommand(InstancePlayerCounts? PlayerCounts) : ICommand;
 	
-	public sealed record ConfigureInstanceCommand(Guid AuditLogUserGuid, Guid InstanceGuid, InstanceConfiguration Configuration, InstanceLaunchRecipe LaunchRecipe, InstanceStopRecipe StopRecipe, bool IsCreatingInstance) : ICommand, ICanReply<Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>;
+	public sealed record GetInitialInstanceConfigurationCommand : ICommand, ICanReply<ConfigureInstanceMessage>;
+	
+	public sealed record ConfigureInstanceCommand(Guid AuditLogUserGuid, InstanceConfiguration Configuration, bool IsCreatingInstance) : ICommand, ICanReply<Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>;
 	
 	public sealed record LaunchInstanceCommand(Guid AuditLogUserGuid) : ICommand, ICanReply<Result<LaunchInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>>;
 	
@@ -94,8 +108,21 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 		NotifyInstanceUpdated();
 	}
 	
+	private async Task<ConfigureInstanceMessage> GetInitialInstanceConfiguration(GetInitialInstanceConfigurationCommand command) {
+		var launchRecipe = await minecraftInstanceRecipes.Launch(configuration, cancellationToken);
+		return CreateConfigureInstanceMessage(configuration, launchRecipe.OrElse(null), launchAutomatically);
+	}
+	
 	private async Task<Result<ConfigureInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>> ConfigureInstance(ConfigureInstanceCommand command) {
-		var message = new ConfigureInstanceMessage(command.InstanceGuid, command.Configuration.AsInfo, command.LaunchRecipe, LaunchNow: false, command.StopRecipe);
+		var launchRecipe = await minecraftInstanceRecipes.Launch(command.Configuration, cancellationToken);
+		if (!launchRecipe) {
+			return launchRecipe.Error switch {
+				MinecraftLaunchRecipeCreationFailReason.MinecraftVersionNotFound => ConfigureInstanceResult.MinecraftVersionNotFound,
+				_                                                                => ConfigureInstanceResult.UnknownError,
+			};
+		}
+		
+		var message = CreateConfigureInstanceMessage(command.Configuration, launchRecipe.Value, launchNow: false);
 		var result = await SendInstanceActionMessage<ConfigureInstanceMessage, ConfigureInstanceResult>(message);
 		
 		if (result.Is(ConfigureInstanceResult.Success)) {
@@ -114,6 +141,20 @@ sealed class InstanceActor : ReceiveActor<InstanceActor.ICommand> {
 		return result;
 	}
 	
+	private ConfigureInstanceMessage CreateConfigureInstanceMessage(InstanceConfiguration configuration, InstanceLaunchRecipe? launchRecipe, bool launchNow) {
+		var stopRecipe = minecraftInstanceRecipes.Stop(afterSeconds: 0);
+		
+		var backupSchedule = new InstanceBackupSchedule(
+			InitialDelayInMinutes: 2,
+			BackupIntervalInMinutes: 30,
+			BackupFailureRetryDelayInMinutes: 5,
+			PlayerCountDetectionStrategy: new InstancePlayerCountDetectionStrategy.MinecraftStatusProtocol(configuration.ServerPort)
+		);
+		
+		var backupConfiguration = new InstanceBackupConfiguration(backupSchedule);
+		return new ConfigureInstanceMessage(instanceGuid, configuration.AsInfo, launchRecipe, launchNow, stopRecipe, backupConfiguration);
+	}
+	
 	private async Task<Result<LaunchInstanceResult, InstanceActionFailure>> LaunchInstance(LaunchInstanceCommand command) {
 		var message = new LaunchInstanceMessage(instanceGuid);
 		var result = await SendInstanceActionMessage<LaunchInstanceMessage, LaunchInstanceResult>(message);