mirror of
https://github.com/chylex/IntelliJ-IdeaVim.git
synced 2024-11-25 07:42:59 +01:00
945 lines
46 KiB
Plaintext
945 lines
46 KiB
Plaintext
*intro.txt* For IdeaVim version @VERSION@. Last change: 2006 Nov 12
|
|
|
|
|
|
IdeaVim REFERENCE MANUAL by Rick Maddy
|
|
|
|
|
|
Introduction to Vim *ref* *reference*
|
|
|
|
1. Introduction |intro|
|
|
2. Vim on the internet |internet|
|
|
3. Credits |credits|
|
|
4. Notation |notation|
|
|
5. Modes, introduction |vim-modes-intro|
|
|
6. Switching from mode to mode |mode-switching|
|
|
7. The window contents |window-contents|
|
|
8. Definitions |definitions|
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
1. Introduction *intro*
|
|
|
|
IdeaVim is an attempt to replicate the features of Vim withing the context of
|
|
the IntelliJ platform based IDEs. Not all the functionality of Vim applies within IdeaVim plugin. And not
|
|
all appropriate features are implemented.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Vim stands for Vi IMproved. It used to be Vi IMitation, but there are so many
|
|
improvements that a name change was appropriate. Vim is a text editor which
|
|
includes almost all the commands from the Unix program "Vi" and a lot of new
|
|
ones. It is very useful for editing programs and other plain text.
|
|
All commands are given with the keyboard. This has the advantage that you
|
|
can keep your fingers on the keyboard and your eyes on the screen. For those
|
|
who want it, there is mouse support and a GUI version with scrollbars and
|
|
menus (see |gui.txt|).
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
An overview of this manual can be found in the file "help.txt", |help.txt|.
|
|
It can be accessed from within Vim with the <Help> or <F1> key and with the
|
|
|:help| command (just type ":help", without the bars or quotes).
|
|
The 'helpfile' option can be set to the name of the help file, in case it
|
|
is not located in the default place. You can jump to subjects like with tags:
|
|
Use CTRL-] to jump to a subject under the cursor, use CTRL-T to jump back.
|
|
|
|
Throughout this manual the differences between Vim and IdeaVim are mentioned in
|
|
curly braces, like this: {IdeaVim does not support this feature}. See
|
|
|vi_diff.txt| for a summary of the differences between IdeaVim and Vim.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
This manual refers to Vim on various machines. There may be small differences
|
|
between different computers and terminals. Besides the remarks given in this
|
|
document, there is a separate document for each supported system, see
|
|
|sys-file-list|.
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
This manual is a reference for all the IdeaVim commands and options. This is not
|
|
an introduction to the use of Vi or Vim, it gets a bit complicated here and
|
|
<!--
|
|
there. For beginners, there is a hands-on |tutor|. To learn using Vim, read
|
|
the user manual |usr_toc.txt|.
|
|
-->
|
|
there. To learn using Vim, read the user manual |usr_toc.txt|.
|
|
|
|
*book*
|
|
There are many books on Vi that contain a section for beginners. There are
|
|
two books I can recommend:
|
|
|
|
"Vim - Vi Improved" by Steve Oualline
|
|
|
|
This is the very first book completely dedicated to Vim. It is very good for
|
|
beginners. The most often used commands are explained with pictures and
|
|
examples. The less often used commands are also explained, the more advanced
|
|
features are summarized. There is a comprehensive index and a quick
|
|
reference. Parts of this book have been included in the user manual
|
|
|frombook|.
|
|
Published by New Riders Publishing. ISBN: 0735710015
|
|
For more information try one of these:
|
|
http://vim.iccf-holland.org
|
|
http://www.vim.org/iccf/click5.html
|
|
|
|
"Learning the Vi editor" by Linda Lamb and Arnold Robbins
|
|
|
|
This is a book about Vi that includes a chapter on Vim (in the sixth edition).
|
|
The first steps in Vi are explained very well. The commands that Vim adds are
|
|
only briefly mentioned. There is also a German translation.
|
|
Published by O'Reilly. ISBN: 1-56592-426-6.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
2. IdeaVim on the internet *internet*
|
|
|
|
*www* *faq* *FAQ* *distribution* *download*
|
|
|
|
IdeaVim home page: http://plugins.intellij.net/plugin/?ruby&id=164
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
The Vim pages contain the most recent information about Vim. They also
|
|
contain links to the most recent version of Vim. The FAQ is a list of
|
|
Frequently Asked Questions. Read this if you have problems.
|
|
|
|
VIM home page: http://vim.sf.net/
|
|
Sven's VIM pages: http://www.vim.org/
|
|
Latest news: http://www.vim.org/news.html
|
|
VIM FAQ: http://www.vim.org/faq/
|
|
Downloading: ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Usenet News group where Vim is discussed: *news* *usenet*
|
|
comp.editors
|
|
See http://www.vim.org/usenet.html. This group is also for other editors. If
|
|
you write about Vim, don't forget to mention that.
|
|
|
|
*mail-list* *maillist*
|
|
There are several mailing lists for Vim:
|
|
<vim@vim.org>
|
|
For discussions about using existing versions of Vim: Useful mappings,
|
|
questions, answers, where to get a specific version, etc.
|
|
<vim-dev@vim.org> *vim-dev* *vimdev*
|
|
For discussions about changing Vim: New features, porting, patches,
|
|
beta-test versions, etc.
|
|
<vim-announce@vim.org> *vim-announce*
|
|
Announcements about new versions of Vim; also for beta-test versions
|
|
and ports to different systems.
|
|
<vim-multibyte@vim.org> *vim-multibyte*
|
|
For discussions about using and improving the multi-byte aspects of
|
|
Vim.
|
|
<vim-mac@vim.org> *vim-mac*
|
|
For discussions about using and improving the Macintosh version of
|
|
Vim.
|
|
|
|
See http://www.vim.org/mail.html.
|
|
|
|
NOTE:
|
|
- You can only send messages to these lists if you have subscribed!
|
|
- You need to send the messages from the same location as where you subscribed
|
|
from (to avoid spam mail).
|
|
- Maximum message size is 40000 characters.
|
|
|
|
*subscribe-maillist*
|
|
If you want to join, send a message to
|
|
<vim-help@vim.org>
|
|
Make sure that your "From:" address is correct. Then the list server will
|
|
give you help on how to subscribe.
|
|
|
|
You can retrieve old messages from the maillist software, and an index of
|
|
messages. Ask vim-help for instructions.
|
|
|
|
Archives are kept at: *maillist-archive*
|
|
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/vim
|
|
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/vimdev
|
|
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/vimannounce
|
|
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/vim-multibyte
|
|
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/vim-mac
|
|
|
|
Another archive is at http://www.somelist.com in the "Editeurs" section (the
|
|
site is in French, the messages are in English).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional maillists:
|
|
|
|
<vim-fr@club.voila.fr> *french-maillist*
|
|
Vim list in the French language. Subscribe by sending a message to
|
|
<vim-fr-subscribe@club.voila.fr>
|
|
Or go to http://groups.yahoo.com/group/vim-fr.
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
Bug reports: *bugs* *bug-reports* *bugreport.vim*
|
|
|
|
Bug reports and other requests can be made on JetBrains issue tracker http://youtrack.jetbrains.net/issues/VIM
|
|
<!--
|
|
Send bug reports to: Vim bugs <bugs@vim.org>
|
|
This is not a maillist but the message is redirected to the Vim maintainer.
|
|
Please be brief; all the time that is spent on answering mail is subtracted
|
|
from the time that is spent on improving Vim! Always give a reproducible
|
|
example and try to find out which settings or other things influence the
|
|
appearance of the bug. Try different machines, if possible. Send me patches
|
|
if you can!
|
|
|
|
In case of doubt, use: >
|
|
:so $VIMRUNTIME/bugreport.vim
|
|
This will create a file "bugreport.txt" in the current directory, with a lot
|
|
of information of your environment. Before sending this out, check if it
|
|
doesn't contain any confidential information!
|
|
|
|
*debug-vim*
|
|
When Vim crashes in one of the test files, and you are using gcc for
|
|
compilation, here is what you can do to find out exactly where Vim crashes:
|
|
|
|
1. Compile Vim with the "-g" option (there is a line in the Makefile for this,
|
|
which you can uncomment).
|
|
|
|
2. Execute these commands (replace "11" with the test that fails): >
|
|
cd testdir
|
|
gdb ../vim
|
|
run -u unix.vim -U NONE -s dotest.in test11.in
|
|
|
|
3. Check where Vim crashes, gdb should give a message for this.
|
|
|
|
4. Get a stack trace from gdb with this command: >
|
|
where
|
|
< You can check out different places in the stack trace with: >
|
|
frame 3
|
|
< Replace "3" with one of the numbers in the stack trace.
|
|
|
|
*year-2000* *Y2K*
|
|
Since Vim internally doesn't use dates for editing, there is no year 2000
|
|
problem to worry about. Vim does use the time in the form of seconds since
|
|
January 1st 1970. It is used for a time-stamp check of the edited file and
|
|
the swap file, which is not critical and should only cause warning messages.
|
|
|
|
There might be a year 2038 problem, when the seconds don't fit in a 32 bit int
|
|
anymore. This depends on the compiler, libraries and operating system.
|
|
Specifically, time_t and the ctime() function are used. And the time_t is
|
|
stored in four bytes in the swap file. But that's only used for printing a
|
|
file date/time for recovery, it will never affect normal editing.
|
|
|
|
The Vim strftime() function directly uses the strftime() system function.
|
|
localtime() uses the time() system function. getftime() uses the time
|
|
returned by the stat() system function. If your system libraries are year
|
|
2000 compliant, Vim is too.
|
|
|
|
The user may create scripts for Vim that use external commands. These might
|
|
introduce Y2K problems, but those are not really part of Vim itself.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
3. Credits *credits* *author*
|
|
|
|
IdeaVim was originally written by Rick Maddy <rick@maddyhome.com>
|
|
and now is maintained at JetBrains by Oleg Shpynov <oleg.shpynov@jetbrains.com>
|
|
|
|
Most of Vim was written by Bram Moolenaar.
|
|
|
|
Parts of the documentation come from several Vi manuals, written by:
|
|
W.N. Joy
|
|
Alan P.W. Hewett
|
|
Mark Horton
|
|
|
|
The Vim editor is based on Stevie and includes (ideas from) other software,
|
|
worked on by the people mentioned here. Other people helped by sending me
|
|
patches, suggestions and giving feedback about what is good and bad in Vim.
|
|
|
|
Vim would never have become what it is now, without the help of these people!
|
|
|
|
Ron Aaron Win32 GUI changes
|
|
Zoltan Arpadffy work on VMS port
|
|
Tony Andrews Stevie
|
|
Gert van Antwerpen changes for DJGPP on MS-DOS
|
|
Berkeley DB(3) ideas for swap file implementation
|
|
Keith Bostic Nvi
|
|
Walter Briscoe Makefile updates, various patches
|
|
Ralf Brown SPAWNO library for MS-DOS
|
|
Robert Colon many useful remarks
|
|
Marcin Dalecki GTK+ GUI port, toolbar icons, gettext()
|
|
Kayhan Demirel sent me news in Uganda
|
|
Chris & John Downey xvi (ideas for multi-windows version)
|
|
Henk Elbers first VMS port
|
|
Eric Fischer Mac port, 'cindent', and other improvements
|
|
Benji Fisher Answering lots of user questions
|
|
Bill Foster Athena GUI port
|
|
Loic Grenie xvim (ideas for multi windows version)
|
|
Sven Guckes Vim WWW page maintainer
|
|
Darren Hiebert Exuberant ctags
|
|
Bruce Hunsaker improvements for VMS port
|
|
Andy Kahn Cscope support, GTK+ GUI port
|
|
Oezguer Kesim Maintainer of Vim Mailing Lists
|
|
Axel Kielhorn work on the Macintosh port
|
|
Steve Kirkendall Elvis
|
|
Roger Knobbe original port to Windows NT
|
|
Sergey Laskavy Vim's help from Moscow
|
|
Felix von Leitner Maintainer of Vim Mailing Lists
|
|
David Leonard Port of Python extensions to Unix
|
|
Avner Lottem Edit in right-to-left windows
|
|
Flemming Madsen X11 client-server, various features and patches
|
|
MicroSoft Gave me a copy of DevStudio to compile Vim with
|
|
Paul Moore Python interface extensions, many patches
|
|
Katsuhito Nagano Work on multi-byte versions
|
|
Sung-Hyun Nam Work on multi-byte versions
|
|
Vince Negri Win32 GUI and generic console enhancements
|
|
Steve Oualline Author of the first Vim book |frombook|
|
|
George V. Reilly Win32 port, Win32 GUI start-off
|
|
Stephen Riehm bug collector
|
|
Stefan Roemer various patches and help to users
|
|
Ralf Schandl IBM OS/390 port
|
|
Olaf Seibert DICE and BeBox version, regexp improvements
|
|
Mortaza Shiran Farsi patches
|
|
Peter da Silva termlib
|
|
Paul Slootman OS/2 port
|
|
Henry Spencer regular expressions
|
|
Dany St-Amant Macintosh port
|
|
Tim Thompson Stevie
|
|
G. R. (Fred) Walter Stevie
|
|
Sven Verdoolaege Perl interface
|
|
Robert Webb Command-line completion, GUI versions, and
|
|
lots of patches
|
|
Ingo Wilken Tcl interface
|
|
Mike Williams PostScript printing
|
|
Juergen Weigert Lattice version, AUX improvements, UNIX and
|
|
MS-DOS ports, autoconf
|
|
Stefan 'Sec' Zehl Maintainer of vim.org
|
|
|
|
I wish to thank all the people that sent me bug reports and suggestions. The
|
|
list is too long to mention them all here. Vim would not be the same without
|
|
the ideas from all these people: They keep Vim alive!
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this documentation there are several references to other versions of Vi:
|
|
*Vi*
|
|
Vi "the original". Without further remarks this is the version
|
|
of Vi that appeared in Sun OS 4.x. ":version" returns
|
|
"Version 3.7, 6/7/85". Sometimes other versions are referred
|
|
to. Only runs under Unix. Source code only available with a
|
|
license. More information on Vi can be found through:
|
|
http://vi-editor.org
|
|
*Posix*
|
|
Posix From the IEEE standard 1003.2, Part 2: Shell and utilities.
|
|
Generally known as "Posix". This is a textual description of
|
|
how Vi is supposed to work.
|
|
The version used is a draft from beginning 1996, so all remarks are
|
|
"expected to comply to" this. Anything can change though...
|
|
*Nvi*
|
|
Nvi The "New" Vi. The version of Vi that comes with BSD 4.4 and FreeBSD.
|
|
Very good compatibility with the original Vi, with a few extensions.
|
|
The version used is 1.79. ":version" returns "Version 1.79
|
|
(10/23/96)". There has been no release the last few years, although
|
|
there is a development version 1.81.
|
|
Source code is freely available.
|
|
*Elvis*
|
|
Elvis Another Vi clone, made by Steve Kirkendall. Very compact but isn't
|
|
as flexible as Vim.
|
|
The version used is 2.1. It is still being developed. Source code is
|
|
freely available.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
4. Notation *notation*
|
|
|
|
When syntax highlighting is used to read this, text that is not typed
|
|
literally is often highlighted with the Special group. These are items in [],
|
|
{} and <>, and CTRL-X.
|
|
|
|
Note that Vim uses all possible characters in commands. Sometimes the [], {}
|
|
and <> are part of what you type, the context should make this clear.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[] Characters in square brackets are optional.
|
|
|
|
*count* *[count]* *E489*
|
|
[count] An optional number that may precede the command to multiply
|
|
or iterate the command. If no number is given, a count of one
|
|
is used, unless otherwise noted. Note that in this manual the
|
|
[count] is not mentioned in the description of the command,
|
|
but only in the explanation. This was done to make the
|
|
commands easier to look up. If the 'showcmd' option is on,
|
|
the (partially) entered count is shown at the bottom of the
|
|
window. You can use <Del> to erase the last digit (|N<Del>|).
|
|
|
|
*[quotex]*
|
|
["x] An optional register designation where text can be stored.
|
|
See |registers|. The x is a single character between 'a' and
|
|
'z' or 'A' and 'Z' or '"', and in some cases (with the put
|
|
command) between '0' and '9', '%', '#', or others. The
|
|
uppercase and lowercase letter designate the same register,
|
|
but the lowercase letter is used to overwrite the previous
|
|
register contents, while the uppercase letter is used to
|
|
append to the previous register contents. Without the ""x" or
|
|
with """" the stored text is put into the unnamed register.
|
|
|
|
*{}*
|
|
{} Curly braces denote parts of the command which must appear,
|
|
but which can take a number of different values. The
|
|
differences between Vim and Vi are also given in curly braces
|
|
(this will be clear from the context).
|
|
|
|
*{char1-char2}*
|
|
{char1-char2} A single character from the range char1 to char2. For
|
|
example: {a-z} is a lowercase letter. Multiple ranges may be
|
|
concatenated. For example, {a-zA-Z0-9} is any alphanumeric
|
|
character.
|
|
|
|
*{motion}*
|
|
{motion} A command that moves the cursor. These are explained in
|
|
|motion.txt|. Examples:
|
|
w to start of next word
|
|
4j four lines down
|
|
/The<CR> to next occurrence of "The"
|
|
This is used after an |operator| command to move over the text
|
|
that is to be operated upon.
|
|
- If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a
|
|
count, the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w"
|
|
deletes six words.
|
|
- The motion can also be a mouse click. The mouse is not
|
|
supported in every terminal though.
|
|
- The ":omap" command can be used to map characters while an
|
|
operator is pending.
|
|
- Ex commands can be used to move the cursor. This can be
|
|
used to call a function that does some complicated motion.
|
|
The motion is always characterwise exclusive, no matter
|
|
what ":" command is used. This means it's impossible to
|
|
include the last character of a line without the line break
|
|
(unless 'virtualedit' is set).
|
|
If the Ex command changes the text before where the operator
|
|
start or jumps to another buffer the result is
|
|
unpredictable. It is possible to change the text further
|
|
down. Jumping to another buffer is possible if the current
|
|
buffer is not unloaded.
|
|
|
|
*{Visual}*
|
|
{Visual} A selected text area. It is started with the "v", "V", or
|
|
CTRL-V command, then any cursor movement command can be used
|
|
to change the end of the selected text.
|
|
This is used before an |operator| command to highlight the
|
|
text that is to be operated upon.
|
|
See |Visual-mode|.
|
|
|
|
*<character>*
|
|
<character> A special character from the table below, optionally with
|
|
modifiers, or a single ASCII character with modifiers.
|
|
|
|
*'character'*
|
|
'c' A single ASCII character.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-{char}*
|
|
CTRL-{char} {char} typed as a control character; that is, typing {char}
|
|
while holding the CTRL key down. The case of {char} does not
|
|
matter; thus CTRL-A and CTRL-a are equivalent. But on some
|
|
terminals, using the SHIFT key will produce another code,
|
|
don't use it then.
|
|
|
|
*'option'*
|
|
'option' An option, or parameter, that can be set to a value, is
|
|
enclosed in single quotes. See |options|.
|
|
|
|
*quotecommandquote*
|
|
"command" A reference to a command that you can type is enclosed in
|
|
double quotes.
|
|
|
|
*key-notation* *key-codes* *keycodes*
|
|
These names for keys are used in the documentation. They can also be used
|
|
with the ":map" command (insert the key name by pressing CTRL-K and then the
|
|
key you want the name for).
|
|
|
|
notation meaning equivalent decimal value(s) ~
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<Nul> zero CTRL-@ 0 (stored as 10) *<Nul>*
|
|
<BS> backspace CTRL-H 8 *backspace*
|
|
<Tab> tab CTRL-I 9 *tab* *Tab*
|
|
*linefeed*
|
|
<NL> linefeed CTRL-J 10 (used for <Nul>)
|
|
<FF> formfeed CTRL-L 12 *formfeed*
|
|
<CR> carriage return CTRL-M 13 *carriage-return*
|
|
<Return> same as <CR> *<Return>*
|
|
<Enter> same as <CR> *<Enter>*
|
|
<Esc> escape CTRL-[ 27 *escape* *<Esc>*
|
|
<Space> space 32 *space*
|
|
<lt> less-than < 60 *<lt>*
|
|
<Bslash> backslash \ 92 *backslash* *<Bslash>*
|
|
<Bar> vertical bar | 124 *<Bar>*
|
|
<Del> delete 127
|
|
<CSI> command sequence intro ALT-Esc 155 *<CSI>*
|
|
<xCSI> CSI when typed in the GUI *<xCSI>*
|
|
|
|
<EOL> end-of-line (can be <CR>, <LF> or <CR><LF>,
|
|
depends on system and 'fileformat') *<EOL>*
|
|
|
|
<Up> cursor-up *cursor-up* *cursor_up*
|
|
<Down> cursor-down *cursor-down* *cursor_down*
|
|
<Left> cursor-left *cursor-left* *cursor_left*
|
|
<Right> cursor-right *cursor-right* *cursor_right*
|
|
<S-Up> shift-cursor-up
|
|
<S-Down> shift-cursor-down
|
|
<S-Left> shift-cursor-left
|
|
<S-Right> shift-cursor-right
|
|
<C-Left> control-cursor-left
|
|
<C-Right> control-cursor-right
|
|
<F1> - <F12> function keys 1 to 12 *function_key* *function-key*
|
|
<S-F1> - <S-F12> shift-function keys 1 to 12 *<S-F1>*
|
|
<Help> help key
|
|
<Undo> undo key
|
|
<Insert> insert key
|
|
<Home> home *home*
|
|
<End> end *end*
|
|
<PageUp> page-up *page_up* *page-up*
|
|
<PageDown> page-down *page_down* *page-down*
|
|
<kHome> keypad home (upper left) *keypad-home*
|
|
<kEnd> keypad end (lower left) *keypad-end*
|
|
<kPageUp> keypad page-up (upper right) *keypad-page-up*
|
|
<kPageDown> keypad page-down (lower right) *keypad-page-down*
|
|
<kPlus> keypad + *keypad-plus*
|
|
<kMinus> keypad - *keypad-minus*
|
|
<kMultiply> keypad * *keypad-multiply*
|
|
<kDivide> keypad / *keypad-divide*
|
|
<kEnter> keypad Enter *keypad-enter*
|
|
<kPoint> keypad Decimal point *keypad-point*
|
|
<k0> - <k9> keypad 0 to 9 *keypad-0* *keypad-9*
|
|
<S-...> shift-key *shift* *<S-*
|
|
<C-...> control-key *control* *ctrl* *<C-*
|
|
<M-...> alt-key or meta-key *meta* *alt* *<M-*
|
|
<A-...> same as <M-...> *<A-*
|
|
<D-...> command-key (Macintosh only) *<D-*
|
|
<t_xx> key with "xx" entry in termcap
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Note: The shifted cursor keys, the help key, and the undo key are only
|
|
available on a few terminals. On the Amiga, shifted function key 10 produces
|
|
a code (CSI) that is also used by key sequences. It will be recognized only
|
|
after typing another key.
|
|
|
|
Note: There are two codes for the delete key. 127 is the decimal ASCII value
|
|
for the delete key, which is always recognized. Some delete keys send another
|
|
value, in which case this value is obtained from the termcap entry "kD". Both
|
|
values have the same effect. Also see |:fixdel|.
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
Note: The keypad keys are used in the same way as the corresponding "normal"
|
|
keys. For example, <kHome> has the same effect as <Home>. If a keypad key
|
|
sends the same raw key code as it non-keypad equivalent, it will be recognized
|
|
as the non-keypad code. For example, when <kHome> sends the same code as
|
|
<Home>, when pressing <kHome> Vim will think <Home> was pressed. Mapping
|
|
<kHome> will not work then.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
*<>*
|
|
Examples are often given in the <> notation. Sometimes this is just to make
|
|
clear what you need to type, but often it can be typed literally, e.g., with
|
|
the ":map" command. The rules are:
|
|
1. Any printable characters are typed directly, except backslash and '<'
|
|
2. A backslash is represented with "\\", double backslash, or "<Bslash>".
|
|
3. A real '<' is represented with "\<" or "<lt>". When there is no
|
|
confusion possible, a '<' can be used directly.
|
|
4. "<key>" means the special key typed. This is the notation explained in
|
|
the table above. A few examples:
|
|
<Esc> Escape key
|
|
<C-G> CTRL-G
|
|
<Up> cursor up key
|
|
<C-LeftMouse> Control- left mouse click
|
|
<S-F11> Shifted function key 11
|
|
<M-a> Meta- a ('a' with bit 8 set)
|
|
<M-A> Meta- A ('A' with bit 8 set)
|
|
<t_kd> "kd" termcap entry (cursor down key)
|
|
|
|
If you want to use the full <> notation in Vim, you have to make sure the '<'
|
|
flag is excluded from 'cpoptions' (when 'compatible' is not set, it already is
|
|
by default). >
|
|
:set cpo-=<
|
|
The <> notation uses <lt> to escape the special meaning of key names. Using a
|
|
backslash also works, but only when 'cpoptions' does not include the 'B' flag.
|
|
|
|
Examples for mapping CTRL-H to the six characters "<Home>": >
|
|
:imap <C-H> \<Home>
|
|
:imap <C-H> <lt>Home>
|
|
The first one only works when the 'B' flag is not in 'cpoptions'. The second
|
|
one always works.
|
|
To get a literal "<lt>" in a mapping: >
|
|
:map <C-L> <lt>lt>
|
|
|
|
For mapping, abbreviation and menu commands you can then copy-paste the
|
|
examples and use them directly. Or type them literally, including the '<' and
|
|
'>' characters. This does NOT work for other commands, like ":set" and
|
|
":autocmd"!
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
5. Modes, introduction *vim-modes-intro* *vim-modes*
|
|
|
|
IdeaVim has four BASIC modes:
|
|
|
|
*Normal* *Normal-mode* *command-mode*
|
|
Normal mode In Normal mode you can enter all the normal editor
|
|
commands. If you start the editor you are in this
|
|
mode (unless you have set the 'insertmode' option,
|
|
see below). This is also known as command mode.
|
|
|
|
Visual mode This is like Normal mode, but the movement commands
|
|
extend a highlighted area. When a non-movement
|
|
command is used, it is executed for the highlighted
|
|
area. See |Visual-mode|.
|
|
If the 'showmode' option is on "-- VISUAL --" is shown
|
|
at the bottom of the window.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Select mode This looks most like the MS-Windows selection mode.
|
|
Typing a printable character deletes the selection
|
|
and starts Insert mode. See |Select-mode|.
|
|
If the 'showmode' option is on "-- SELECT --" is shown
|
|
at the bottom of the window.
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
Insert mode In Insert mode the text you type is inserted into the
|
|
buffer. See |Insert-mode|.
|
|
If the 'showmode' option is on "-- INSERT --" is shown
|
|
at the bottom of the window.
|
|
|
|
Command-line mode In Command-line mode (also called Cmdline mode) you
|
|
Cmdline mode can enter one line of text at the bottom of the
|
|
window. This is for the Ex commands, ":", the pattern
|
|
search commands, "?" and "/", and the filter command,
|
|
"!". |Cmdline-mode|
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Ex mode Like Command-line mode, but after entering a command
|
|
you remain in Ex mode. Very limited editing of the
|
|
command line. |Ex-mode|
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
There are four ADDITIONAL modes. These are variants of the BASIC modes:
|
|
|
|
*Operator-pending* *Operator-pending-mode*
|
|
Operator-pending mode This is like Normal mode, but after an operator
|
|
command has started, and Vim is waiting for a {motion}
|
|
to specify the text that the operator will work on.
|
|
|
|
Replace mode Replace mode is a special case of Insert mode. You
|
|
can do the same things as in Insert mode, but for
|
|
each character you enter, one character of the existing
|
|
text is deleted. See |Replace-mode|.
|
|
If the 'showmode' option is on "-- REPLACE --" is
|
|
shown at the bottom of the window.
|
|
|
|
Insert Normal mode Entered when CTRL-O given in Insert mode. This is
|
|
like Normal mode, but after executing one command Vim
|
|
returns to Insert mode.
|
|
If the 'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) --" is
|
|
shown at the bottom of the window.
|
|
|
|
Insert Visual mode Entered when starting a Visual selection from Insert
|
|
mode, e.g., by using CTRL-O and then "v", "V" or
|
|
CTRL-V. When the Visual selection ends, Vim returns
|
|
to Insert mode.
|
|
If the 'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) VISUAL --"
|
|
is shown at the bottom of the window.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Insert Select mode Entered when starting Select mode from Insert mode.
|
|
E.g., by dragging the mouse or <S-Right>.
|
|
When the Select mode ends, Vim returns to Insert mode.
|
|
If the 'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) SELECT --"
|
|
is shown at the bottom of the window.
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
6. Switching from mode to mode *mode-switching*
|
|
|
|
If for any reason you do not know which mode you are in, you can always get
|
|
back to Normal mode by typing <Esc> twice. This doesn't work for Ex mode
|
|
though, use ":visual".
|
|
You will know you are back in Normal mode when you see the screen flash or
|
|
hear the bell after you type <Esc>. However, when pressing <Esc> after using
|
|
CTRL-O in Insert mode you get a beep but you are still in Insert mode, type
|
|
<Esc> again.
|
|
|
|
*i_esc*
|
|
<!--
|
|
TO mode ~
|
|
Normal Visual Select Insert Replace Cmd-line Ex ~
|
|
FROM mode ~
|
|
Normal v V ^V *4 *1 R : / ? ! Q
|
|
Visual *2 ^G c C -- : --
|
|
Select *5 ^O ^G *6 -- -- --
|
|
Insert <Esc> -- -- <Insert> -- --
|
|
Replace <Esc> -- -- <Insert> -- --
|
|
Command-line *3 -- -- :start -- --
|
|
Ex :vi -- -- -- -- --
|
|
-->
|
|
TO mode ~
|
|
Normal Visual Insert Replace Cmd-line
|
|
FROM mode
|
|
Normal v V ^V *1 R : / ? !
|
|
Visual *2 c C -- :
|
|
Insert <Esc> -- <Insert> --
|
|
Replace <Esc> -- <Insert> --
|
|
Command-line *3 -- :start --
|
|
|
|
- NA
|
|
-- not possible
|
|
|
|
*1 Go from Normal mode to Insert mode by giving the command "i", "I", "a",
|
|
"A", "o", "O", "c", "C", "s" or S".
|
|
*2 Go from Visual mode to Normal mode by giving a non-movement command, which
|
|
causes the command to be executed, or by hitting <Esc> "v", "V" or "CTRL-V"
|
|
(see |v_v|), which just stops Visual mode without side effects.
|
|
*3 Go from Command-line mode to Normal mode by:
|
|
- Hitting <CR> or <NL>, which causes the entered command to be executed.
|
|
- Deleting the complete line (e.g., with CTRL-U) and giving a final <BS>.
|
|
- Hitting CTRL-C or <Esc>, which quits the command-line without executing
|
|
the command.
|
|
<!--
|
|
In the last case <Esc> may be the character defined with the 'wildchar'
|
|
option, in which case it will start command-line completion. You can
|
|
ignore that and type <Esc> again. {Vi: when hitting <Esc> the command-line
|
|
is executed. This is unexpected for most people; therefore it was changed
|
|
in Vim. But when the <Esc> is part of a mapping, the command-line is
|
|
executed. If you want the Vi behaviour also when typing <Esc>, use ":cmap
|
|
^V<Esc> ^V^M"}
|
|
-->
|
|
<!--
|
|
*4 Go from Normal to Select mode by:
|
|
- use the mouse to select text while 'selectmode' contains "mouse"
|
|
- use a non-printable command to move the cursor while keeping the Shift
|
|
key pressed, and the 'selectmode' option contains "key"
|
|
- use "v", "V" or "CTRL-V" while 'selectmode' contains "cmd"
|
|
- use "gh", "gH" or "g CTRL-H" |g_CTRL-H|
|
|
*5 Go from Select mode to Normal mode by using a non-printable command to move
|
|
the cursor, without keeping the Shift key pressed.
|
|
*6 Go from Select mode to Insert mode by typing a printable character. The
|
|
selection is deleted and the character is inserted.
|
|
-->
|
|
<!--
|
|
|
|
If the 'insertmode' option is on, editing a file will start in Insert mode.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-\_CTRL-N* *i_CTRL-\_CTRL-N* *c_CTRL-\_CTRL-N* *v_CTRL-\_CTRL-N*
|
|
Additionally the command CTRL-\ CTRL-N or <C-\><C-N> can be used to go to
|
|
Normal mode from any other mode. This can be used to make sure Vim is in
|
|
Normal mode, without causing a beep like <Esc> would. However, this does not
|
|
work in Ex mode.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
*CTRL-\_CTRL-G* *i_CTRL-\_CTRL-G* *c_CTRL-\_CTRL-G* *v_CTRL-\_CTRL-G*
|
|
The command CTRL-\ CTRL-G or <C-\><C-G> can be used to go to Insert mode when
|
|
'insertmode' is set. Otherwise it goes to Normal mode. This can be used to
|
|
make sure Vim is in the mode indicated by 'insertmode', without knowing in
|
|
what mode Vim currently is.
|
|
|
|
*Q* *mode-Ex* *Ex-mode* *Ex* *EX* *E501*
|
|
Q Switch to "Ex" mode. This is a bit like typing ":"
|
|
commands one after another, except:
|
|
- You don't have to keep pressing ":".
|
|
- The screen doesn't get updated after each command.
|
|
- There is no normal command-line editing.
|
|
- Mappings and abbreviations are not used.
|
|
In fact, you are editing the lines with the "standard"
|
|
line-input editing commands (<Del> or <BS> to erase,
|
|
CTRL-U to kill the whole line).
|
|
Vim will enter this mode by default if it's invoked as
|
|
"ex" on the command-line.
|
|
Use the ":vi" command |:visual| to exit "Ex" mode.
|
|
Note: In older versions of Vim "Q" formatted text,
|
|
that is now done with |gq|. But if you use the
|
|
|vimrc_example.vim| script "Q" works like "gq".
|
|
|
|
*gQ*
|
|
gQ Switch to "Ex" mode, but really behave like typing ":"
|
|
commands after another. All command line editing,
|
|
completion etc. is available.
|
|
Use the ":vi" command |:visual| to exit "Ex" mode.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
7. The window contents *window-contents*
|
|
|
|
This information does not apply to IdeaVim.
|
|
<!--
|
|
In Normal mode and Insert/Replace mode the screen window will show the current
|
|
contents of the buffer: What You See Is What You Get. There are two
|
|
exceptions:
|
|
- When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$', and the change is within one line,
|
|
the text is not directly deleted, but a '$' is put at the last deleted
|
|
character.
|
|
- When inserting text in one window, other windows on the same text are not
|
|
updated until the insert is finished.
|
|
{Vi: The screen is not always updated on slow terminals}
|
|
|
|
Lines longer than the window width will wrap, unless the 'wrap' option is off
|
|
(see below). The 'linebreak' option can be set to wrap at a blank character.
|
|
|
|
If the window has room after the last line of the buffer, Vim will show '~' in
|
|
the first column of the last lines in the window, like this: >
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
|
|some line |
|
|
|last line |
|
|
|~ |
|
|
|~ |
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
|
|
|
Thus the '~' lines indicate that the end of the buffer was reached.
|
|
|
|
If the last line in a window doesn't fit, Vim will indicate this with a '@' in
|
|
the first column of the last lines in the window, like this: >
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
|
|first line |
|
|
|second line |
|
|
|@ |
|
|
|@ |
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
|
|
|
Thus the '@' lines indicate that there is a line that doesn't fit in the
|
|
window.
|
|
|
|
When the "lastline" flag is present in the 'display' option, you will not see
|
|
'@' characters at the left side of window. If the last line doesn't fit
|
|
completely, only the part that fits is shown, and the last three characters of
|
|
the last line are replaced with "@@@", like this: >
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
|
|first line |
|
|
|second line |
|
|
|a very long line that d|
|
|
|oesn't fit in the wi@@@|
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
|
|
|
If there is a single line that is too long to fit in the window, this is a
|
|
special situation. Vim will show only part of the line, around where the
|
|
cursor is. There are no special characters shown, so that you can edit all
|
|
parts of this line.
|
|
{Vi: gives an "internal error" on lines that do not fit in the window}
|
|
|
|
The '@' occasion in the 'highlight' option can be used to set special
|
|
highlighting for the '@' and '~' characters. This makes it possible to
|
|
distinguish them from real characters in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
The 'showbreak' option contains the string to put in front of wrapped lines.
|
|
|
|
*wrap-off*
|
|
If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap. Only the part that
|
|
fits on the screen is shown. If the cursor is moved to a part of the line
|
|
that is not shown, the screen is scrolled horizontally. The advantage of
|
|
this method is that columns are shown as they are and lines that cannot fit
|
|
on the screen can be edited. The disadvantage is that you cannot see all the
|
|
characters of a line at once. The 'sidescroll' option can be set to the
|
|
minimal number of columns to scroll. {Vi: has no 'wrap' option}
|
|
|
|
All normal ASCII characters are displayed directly on the screen. The <Tab>
|
|
is replaced with the number of spaces that it represents. Other non-printing
|
|
characters are replaced with "^{char}", where {char} is the non-printing
|
|
character with 64 added. Thus character 7 (bell) will be shown as "^G".
|
|
Characters between 127 and 160 are replaced with "~{char}", where {char} is
|
|
the character with 64 subtracted. These characters occupy more than one
|
|
position on the screen. The cursor can only be positioned on the first one.
|
|
|
|
If you set the 'number' option, all lines will be preceded with their
|
|
number. Tip: If you don't like wrapping lines to mix with the line numbers,
|
|
set the 'showbreak' option to eight spaces:
|
|
":set showbreak=\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "
|
|
|
|
If you set the 'list' option, <Tab> characters will not be shown as several
|
|
spaces, but as "^I". A '$' will be placed at the end of the line, so you can
|
|
find trailing blanks.
|
|
|
|
In Command-line mode only the command-line itself is shown correctly. The
|
|
display of the buffer contents is updated as soon as you go back to Command
|
|
mode.
|
|
|
|
The last line of the window is used for status and other messages. The
|
|
status messages will only be used if an option is on:
|
|
|
|
status message option default Unix default ~
|
|
current mode 'showmode' on on
|
|
command characters 'showcmd' on off
|
|
cursor position 'ruler' off off
|
|
|
|
The current mode is "-- INSERT --" or "-- REPLACE --", see |'showmode'|. The
|
|
command characters are those that you typed but were not used yet. {Vi: does
|
|
not show the characters you typed or the cursor position}
|
|
|
|
If you have a slow terminal you can switch off the status messages to speed
|
|
up editing:
|
|
:set nosc noru nosm
|
|
|
|
If there is an error, an error message will be shown for at least one second
|
|
(in reverse video). {Vi: error messages may be overwritten with other
|
|
messages before you have a chance to read them}
|
|
|
|
Some commands show how many lines were affected. Above which threshold this
|
|
happens can be controlled with the 'report' option (default 2).
|
|
|
|
On the Amiga Vim will run in a CLI window. The name Vim and the full name of
|
|
the current file name will be shown in the title bar. When the window is
|
|
resized, Vim will automatically redraw the window. You may make the window as
|
|
small as you like, but if it gets too small not a single line will fit in it.
|
|
Make it at least 40 characters wide to be able to read most messages on the
|
|
last line.
|
|
|
|
On most Unix systems, resizing the window is recognized and handled correctly
|
|
by Vim. {Vi: not ok}
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
8. Definitions *definitions*
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
screen The whole area that Vim uses to work in. This can be
|
|
a terminal emulator window. Also called "the Vim
|
|
window".
|
|
window A view on a buffer.
|
|
|
|
A screen contains one or more windows, separated by status lines and with the
|
|
command line at the bottom.
|
|
|
|
+-------------------------------+
|
|
screen | window 1 | window 2 |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | |
|
|
|= status line =|= status line =|
|
|
| window 3 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|==== status line ==============|
|
|
|command line |
|
|
+-------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
The command line is also used for messages. It scrolls up the screen when
|
|
there is not enough room in the command line.
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
A difference is made between four types of lines:
|
|
|
|
buffer lines The lines in the buffer. This is the same as the
|
|
lines as they are read from/written to a file. They
|
|
can be thousands of characters long.
|
|
logical lines The buffer lines with folding applied. Buffer lines
|
|
in a closed fold are changed to a single logical line:
|
|
"+-- 99 lines folded". They can be thousands of
|
|
characters long.
|
|
window lines The lines displayed in a window: A range of logical
|
|
lines with wrapping, line breaks, etc. applied. They
|
|
can only be as long as the width of the window allows,
|
|
longer lines are wrapped or truncated.
|
|
screen lines The lines of the screen that Vim uses. Consists of
|
|
the window lines of all windows, with status lines
|
|
and the command line added. They can only be as long
|
|
as the width of the screen allows. When the command
|
|
line gets longer it wraps and lines are scrolled to
|
|
make room.
|
|
|
|
buffer lines logical lines window lines screen lines ~
|
|
|
|
1. one 1. one 1. +-- folded 1. +-- folded
|
|
2. two 2. +-- folded 2. five 2. five
|
|
3. three 3. five 3. six 3. six
|
|
4. four 4. six 4. seven 4. seven
|
|
5. five 5. seven 5. === status line ===
|
|
6. six 6. aaa
|
|
7. seven 7. bbb
|
|
8. ccc ccc c
|
|
1. aaa 1. aaa 1. aaa 9. cc
|
|
2. bbb 2. bbb 2. bbb 10. ddd
|
|
3. ccc ccc ccc 3. ccc ccc ccc 3. ccc ccc c 11. ~
|
|
4. ddd 4. ddd 4. cc 12. === status line ===
|
|
5. ddd 13. (command line)
|
|
6. ~
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|