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326 lines
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326 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
*arabic.txt* For IdeaVim version @VERSION@. Last change: 2006 Nov 12
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IdeaVim REFERENCE MANUAL by Rick Maddy
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Arabic Language support (options & mappings) for Vim *Arabic*
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This information does not apply to IdeaVim.
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<!--
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{Vi does not have any of these commands}
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*E800*
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In order to use right-to-left and Arabic mapping support, it is
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necessary to compile VIM with the |+arabic| feature.
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These functions have been created by Nadim Shaikli <nadim-at-arabeyes.org>
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It is best to view this file with these settings within VIM's GUI: >
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:set encoding=utf-8
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:set arabicshape
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Introduction
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------------
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Arabic is a rather demanding language in which a number of special
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features are required. Characters are right-to-left oriented and
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ought to appear as such on the screen (ie. from right to left).
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Arabic also requires shaping of its characters, meaning the same
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character has a different visual form based on its relative location
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within a word (initial, medial, final or stand-alone). Arabic also
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requires two different forms of combining and the ability, in
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certain instances, to either superimpose upto two characters on top
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of another (composing) or the actual substitution of two characters
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into one (combining). Lastly, to display Arabic properly one will
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require not only ISO-8859-6 (U+0600-U+06FF) fonts, but will also
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require Presentation Form-B (U+FE70-U+FEFF) fonts both of which are
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subsets within a so-called ISO-10646-1 font.
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The commands, prompts and help files are not in Arabic, therefore
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the user interface remains the standard Vi interface.
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Highlights
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----------
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o Editing left-to-right files as in the original VIM hasn't changed.
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o Viewing and editing files in right-to-left windows. File
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orientation is per window, so it is possible to view the same
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file in right-to-left and left-to-right modes, simultaneously.
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o No special terminal with right-to-left capabilities is required.
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The right-to-left changes are completely hardware independent.
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Only Arabic fonts are necessary.
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o Compatible with the original VIM. Almost all features work in
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right-to-left mode (there are liable to be bugs).
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o Changing keyboard mapping and reverse insert modes using a single
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command.
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o Toggling complete Arabic support via a single command.
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o While in Arabic mode, numbers are entered from left to right. Upon
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entering a none number character, that character will be inserted
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just into the left of the last number.
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o Arabic keymapping on the command line in reverse insert mode.
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o Proper Bidirectional functionality is possible given VIM is
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started within a Bidi capable terminal emulator.
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Arabic Fonts *arabicfonts*
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------------
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VIM requires monospaced fonts of which there are many out there.
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Arabic requires ISO-8859-6 as well as Presentation Form-B fonts
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(without Form-B, Arabic will _NOT_ be usable). It is highly
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recommended that users search for so-called 'ISO-10646-1' fonts.
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Do an Internet search or check www.arabeyes.org for further
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info on where to attain the necessary Arabic fonts.
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Font Installation
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-----------------
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o Installation of fonts for X Window systems (Unix/Linux)
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Depending on your system, copy your_ARABIC_FONT file into a
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directory of your choice. Change to the directory containing
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the Arabic fonts and execute the following commands:
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% mkfontdir
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% xset +fp path_name_of_arabic_fonts_directory
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Usage
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-----
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Prior to the actual usage of Arabic within VIM, a number of settings
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need to be accounted for and invoked.
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o Setting the Arabic fonts
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+ For VIM GUI set the 'guifont' to your_ARABIC_FONT. This is done
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by entering the following command in the VIM window.
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>
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:set guifont=your_ARABIC_FONT
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<
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NOTE: the string 'your_ARABIC_FONT' is used to denote a complete
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font name akin to that used in linux/unix system.
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(eg. -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--20-200-75-75-c-100-iso10646-1)
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You can append the 'guifont' set command to your .vimrc file
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in order to get the same above noted results. In other words,
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you can include ':set guifont=your_ARABIC_FONT' to your .vimrc
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file.
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+ Under the X Window environment, you can also start VIM with
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'-fn your_ARABIC_FONT' option.
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o Setting the appropriate character Encoding
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To enable the correct Arabic encoding the following command needs
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to be appended,
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>
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:set encoding=utf-8
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<
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to your .vimrc file (entering the command manually into you VIM
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window is highly discouraged). In short, include ':set
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encoding=utf-8' to your .vimrc file.
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Attempts to use Arabic without UTF-8 will result the following
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warning message,
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*W17* >
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Arabic requires UTF-8, do ':set encoding=utf-8'
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o Enable Arabic settings [short-cut]
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In order to simplify and streamline things, you can either invoke
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VIM with the command-line option,
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% vim -A my_utf8_arabic_file ...
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or enable 'arabic' via the following command within VIM
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>
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:set arabic
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<
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The two above noted possible invocations are the preferred manner
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in which users are instructed to proceed. Baring an enabled 'termbidi'
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setting, both command options:
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1. set the appropriate keymap
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2. enable the deletion of a single combined pair character
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3. enable rightleft mode
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4. enable rightleftcmd mode (affecting the command-line)
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5. enable arabicshape mode (do visual character alterations)
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You may also append the command to your .vimrc file and simply
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include ':set arabic' to it.
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You are also capable of disabling Arabic support via
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>
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:set noarabic
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<
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which resets everything that the command had enabled without touching
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the global settings as they could affect other possible open buffers.
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In short the 'noarabic' command,
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1. resets to the alternate keymap
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2. disables the deletion of a single combined pair character
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3. disables rightleft mode
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NOTE: the 'arabic' command takes into consideration 'termbidi' for
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possible external bi-directional (bidi) support from the
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terminal ("mlterm" for instance offers such support).
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'termbidi', if available, is superior to rightleft support
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and its support is preferred due to its level of offerings.
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'arabic' when 'termbidi' is enabled only sets the keymap.
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If, on the other hand, you'd like to be verbose and explicit and
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are opting not to use the 'arabic' short-cut command, here's what
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is needed (ie. if you use ':set arabic' you can skip this section) -
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+ Arabic Keymapping Activation
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To activate the Arabic keymap (ie. to remap your english/latin
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keyboard to look-n-feel like a standard Arabic one), set the
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'keymap' command to "arabic". This is done by entering
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>
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:set keymap=arabic
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<
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in your VIM window. You can also append the 'keymap' set command to
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your .vimrc file. In other words, you can include ':set keymap=arabic'
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to your .vimrc file.
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To turn toggle (or switch) your keymapping between Arabic and the
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default mapping (english), its advised that users use the 'CTRL-^'
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key press while in insert (or add/replace) mode. The command-line
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will display your current mapping by displaying an "Arabic" string
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next to your insertion mode (eg. -- INSERT Arabic --) indicating
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your current keymap.
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+ Arabic deletion of a combined pair character
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By default VIM has the 'delcombine' option disabled. This option
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allows the deletion of ALEF in a LAM_ALEF (LAA) combined character
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and still retain the LAM (ie. it reverts to treating the combined
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character as its natural two characters form -- this also pertains
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to harakat and their combined forms). You can enable this option
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by entering
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>
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:set delcombine
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<
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in our VIM window. You can also append the 'delcombine' set command
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to your .vimrc file. In other words, you can include ':set delcombine'
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to your .vimrc file.
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+ Arabic right-to-left Mode
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By default VIM starts in Left-to-right mode. 'rightleft' is the
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command that allows one to alter a window's orientation - that can
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be accomplished via,
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- Toggling between left-to-right and right-to-left modes is
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accomplished through ':set rightleft' and ':set norightleft'.
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- While in Left-to-right mode, enter ':set rl' in the command line
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('rl' is the abbreviation for rightleft).
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- Put the ':set rl' line in your '.vimrc' file to start the VIM in
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right-to-left mode permanently.
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+ Arabic right-to-left command-line Mode
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For certain commands the editing can be done in right-to-left mode.
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Currently this is only applicable to search commands.
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This is controlled with the 'rightleftcmd' option. The default is
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"search", which means that windows in which 'rightleft' is set will
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edit search commands in right-left mode. To disable this behavior,
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>
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:set rightleftcmd=
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<
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To enable right-left editing of search commands again,
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>
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:set rightleftcmd&
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<
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+ Arabic Shaping Mode
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To activate the required visual characters alterations (shaping,
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composing, combining) which the Arabic language requires, enable
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the 'arabicshape' command. This is done by entering
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>
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:set arabicshape
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<
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in our VIM window. You can also append the 'arabicshape' set
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command to your .vimrc file. In other words, you can include
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':set arabicshape' to your .vimrc file.
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Keymap/Keyboard *arabickeymap*
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---------------
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The character/letter encoding used in VIM is the standard UTF-8.
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It is widely discouraged that any other encoding be used or even
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attempted.
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Note: UTF-8 is an all encompassing encoding and as such is
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the only supported (and encouraged) encoding with
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regard to Arabic (all other proprietary encodings
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should be discouraged and frowned upon).
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o Keyboard
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+ CTRL-^ in insert/replace mode toggles between Arabic/Latin mode
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+ Keyboard mapping is based on the Microsoft's Arabic keymap (the
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defacto standard in the Arab world):
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
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|! |@ |# |$ |% |^ |& |* |( |) |_ |+ || |~ ّ |
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|1 ١ |2 ٢ |3 ٣ |4 ٤ |5 ٥ |6 ٦ |7 ٧ |8 ٨ |9 ٩ |0 ٠ |- |= |\ |` ذ |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
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|Q َ |W ً |E ُ |R ٌ |T لإ |Y إ |U ` |I ÷ |O x |P ؛ |{ < |} > |
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|q ض |w ص |e ث |r ق |t ف |y غ |u ع |i ه |o خ |p ح |[ ج |] د |
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+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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|A ِ |S ٍ |D [ |F ] |G لأ |H أ |J ـ |K ، |L / |: |" |
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|a ش |s س |d ي |f ب |g ل |h ا |j ت |k ن |l م |; ك |' ط |
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+------------------------------------------------------+
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|Z ~ |X ْ |C { |V } |B لآ |N آ |M ' |< , |> . |? ؟ |
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|z ئ |x ء |c ؤ |v ر |b لا |n ى |m ة |, و |. ز |/ ظ |
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+-------------------------------------------------+
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Restrictions
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------------
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o VIM in its GUI form does not currently support Bi-directionality
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(ie. the ability to see both Arabic and Latin intermixed within
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the same line).
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Known Bugs
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----------
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There is one known minor bug,
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1. If you insert a haraka (eg. Fatha (U+064E)) after a LAM (U+0644)
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and then insert an ALEF (U+0627), the appropriate combining will
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not happen due to the sandwiched haraka resulting in something
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that will NOT be displayed correctly.
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WORK-AROUND: Don't include harakats between LAM and ALEF combos.
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In general, don't anticipate to see correct visual
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representation with regard to harakats and LAM+ALEF
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combined characters (even those entered after both
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characters). The problem noted is strictly a visual
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one, meaning saving such a file will contain all the
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appropriate info/encodings - nothing is lost.
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No other bugs are known to exist.
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-->
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